Comparison of demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics between first and second COVID-19 waves in a secondary care hospital in Qatar: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the patient profile and outcomes in Qatar during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING: A retrospective observational study was conducted comparing the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to a secondary care hospital, during the first and second waves of the pandemic. PARTICIPANTS: 1039 patients from the first wave and 991 from the second wave who had pneumonia on chest X-ray and had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a real-time PCR test of a nasopharyngeal swab were included. Patients with a normal chest X-ray and those who had a negative PCR test despite a positive COVID-19 antigen test were excluded. OUTCOME: Length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, final disposition and mortality were the key outcomes studied RESULTS: Influenza like symptoms (18.5% in the first wave vs 36.1% in the second wave, p 0.001), cough (79.2% vs 87%, p<0.001) and dyspnoea (27.5% vs 38% p<0.001) were more common in the second wave. Second wave patients had significantly higher respiratory rate, lower peripheral oxygen saturation, needed more supplemental oxygen and had higher incidence of pulmonary embolism. More patients received hydroxychloroquine and antibiotics during the first wave and more received steroids, antivirals and interleukin-1 antagonist during the second wave. The second wave had a shorter length of stay (14.58±7.75 vs 12.61±6.16, p<0.001) and more patients were discharged home (22% vs 10%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who presented during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be more ill clinically and based on their laboratory parameters. They required shorter hospitalisation and were more likely to be discharged home. This could represent greater expertise in handling such patients that was acquired during the first wave as well as use of more appropriate and combination therapies during the second wave.

COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain: A Case Report.

As the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues across the globe, more details about the disease manifestations and clinical course have been emerging. The main clinical presentation of the ongoing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is respiratory symptoms. Along with this, the involvement of the gastrointestinal system and associated symptoms have also been reported. Here we present a case of a 58-year-old patient who presented with acute abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. He did not have any respiratory symptoms, but had radiological evidence of lung involvement and was diagnosed to be positive for COVID-19.